Compressor



Sept. 25, 1934. C F, HAUNZ 1,974,421

COMPRESSOR Original FiledARril 19, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet l on. LavL Sept. 25, 1934. c. F. HAUNZ COMPRES SOR Original Fi1ed.Apri1 19, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 CON DENSER EVA POKATOR RECEVEK Patented Sept. 25 i934 lattanti KCMPRESSR Charles iF. Haunz, illuhalo, N. Y., assigner to llllenry Vogt Machine Co., Louisville, Ky., a corporation of Kentucky origami application anni is, 1933, senat N0. 666,924. Divided and this application July 13, 1933, Serial No. 680,3111

9 matins. (Cl. ZSll-) surrounding jacket forming a receiving chamberv for the fluid handled by the compressor, which receiving chamber acts as a gravity separator for any liquid in association with the gaseous uid, the compressor chamber and that of the pump being in communication either directly or indirectly, with said separator.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a combined compressor and pump in which the compressor and pump pistons are unitarily organized, and reciprocated by an open cross-head to which easy access may be had for replacement or repairs.

Still another object o'f the invention is the provision of co-ordinated lubrication paths between the pump piston and compressor piston, and traversing the co-acting surfaces of the cross-head and its appurtenant mechanism.

A further object of the invention is the provision in connection with the compressor described of means for extraneously cooling the lubricant and returning it to the compressor.

, Other objects of the invention will appear as the following description of a preferred and practical embodiment thereof proceeds.

ln the drawings which accompany and form a part of the following specification and throughout the several figures of which the same characters of reference have been employed to designate identical parts:

Figure 1 is a side view in section through the compressor forming the subject matter of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a section taken along the line 2-2 of Figure l;

Figure 3 is a section taken along the line 3-3 of Figure ii;

Figure e is a diagram showing or" the compressor as an element of a refrigeration system; and Y Figure 5 is a section taken along the line 5-5 of Figure l.

Referring nowin detail to the several figures, 55 the numeral l represents the side wall of a casthe employment ing or frame which is here shown as being cylindrical merely because the illustrative embodiment of the invention is designed to fit in a cylindrical housing. The casing 1 may as well be rectangular or any other desired shape determined by its prospective usage. Figure l shows the end 2 of the casing in the form of a convex head while the other end 3 is a flat plate secured to the otherwise open end or the casing by means of bolts 4.

It will be understood however that either or both ends of the casing may be made of any desired shape or construction without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Within the casing is a frame 5 preferably made in two matching parts 6 and 7, which parts have extensions 8 and 9 terminating in the inner circumference of the casing 1 and bolted or otherwise suitably secured thereto. The extensions 8 do not extend lengthwise of the entire casing,

but are of such size as to leave ample room for the intermingling of the gaseous fluid in both the upper and lower parts of the casing. Matching halves 6 and 'l of the frame 5 together form supports for upper and lower cylinders 10 and 11 respectively, these cylinders being in axial alinernent and being shown as of the same diameter, and provided with heads 12 and 13 suitably secured. lThe halves 6 and 7 of the frame are clamped together against said cylinders by means such as bolts 14 and 15. Since it is not essential that the pistons which work in the cylinders be of the same diameter, the dimensions of the bores of said cylinders may correspondingly differ. A unitary reciprocatory structure is provided comprising a compressor piston 16 at one end and a pump piston 17 at the other, sai-d pistons being carried by suitable piston rods 18 and 19 respectively, rigid with a cross-head 20. Figure l shows that the cross-head is formed with a bore 21 of cylindrical curvature with one side 22 cut away, in which bore slides a block 23 of corresponding cylindrical curvature and having a at side substantially coinciding with the at surface at the cut away side of the cross-head. The block 23 is formed with a bearing aperture 24 in which extends a pin 25 the same being a crank carried by a drive shaft 26. balanced by a weight 27, but this feature is of course common to cranks and forms no essential part of the present invention. The drive shaft 26 may pass through the end wall 3 of the casing and may be the armature shaft of the adjacent driving member such as an electric motor.

The compressor piston is constituted in the illustrative construction by a head portion 28 hav- 'Ill The crank is ing a stem 29 which screws into the piston rod 18 and clamps, between said head portion and a shoulder 36 on said piston rod, an intermediate portion 30 formed with circumferential channels 3l on its inner wall communicating at intervals with the outer wall of said piston by means of radial passages 32. The portion 30 has the form of a hollow cylinder and deiines with the head portion 28 and the piston rod 18 an oil chamber 33.

The pump piston 17 screws upon the piston rod 19. Said piston and said piston rod are provided with an oil passage 34 communicating with the pump chamber as at 35 in the end face of the piston and opening into a relatively wide channel 37 formed in the peripheral wall of the block 23. Said channel in turn communicates with an oil passage 38 in the piston rod 13 which opens by way of the bore or bores 39 into the chamber 33 within the compressor piston 21.6.

When the pump piston is reciprocated downward, oil from the pump chamber is forced through the oil ducts above enumerated into the chamber 36, the channels 3l and through the radial passages 32 against the engaging walls of the compressor piston and cylinder. Since the pump capacity normally exceeds the discharge capacity of the radial passages 32, the chamber 33 will always be full, and excess oil will be discharged by way of the passages e5, spilling upon the cross-head 20 and draining into the bottom of the casing l where the normal oil level is indicated in Figure 2.

rlhe lower part of the casing l is in communication with the pump chamber through a port 4G controlled by a check valve lll. ln the event that it is desired to cool the oil, the communication of the pump chamber with the lower part of the casing l is indirect, as by way of a coil 42, shown in Figure 3 open at the end to the lower portion or sump of the casing l, and connected at its opposite end Il@ with the pump chamber. The coil l2 is positioned outside of the casing l and preferably in the path of a current of cold air.

The compressor chamber communicates with the upper portion of the chamber within the casing l by means of piston controlled ports 46 extending through the walls of the cylinder 10 at a transverse plane near the lower end of the travel of said piston. The gaseous rluid may be admitted to the chamber of the casing l by any suitable con-duit, but is here shown as dowing into said chamber through the gas return line 47 of the refrigeration system diagrammatically shown in Figure 4, said system embodying the usual ele= ments essential to the operation of a Carnot cycle including the evaporator 48, condenser i9 and the receiver 50 for the. liqueed refrigerant behind -4 the expansion valve 5l which supplies the refrigerant to the evaporator according to the demands of the latter by a thermostatic or other automatic control, not shown. The compressed gaseous fluid is forced .out of the compression -v chamber at the upper end of the stroke of the compressor piston through a conduit 4:8 to the condenser 49, the outlet to the compressor chamber being controlled by a valve 52 closed by a spring 53, the strength of said spring determining the pressure Value of the compressed uid.

Whiley I have in the above description disclosed what I believe to be a preferred and. practical form of the invention, it is to be understood that the details of construction as illustrated and described are merely by way of example and not to be construed as limiting the scope o the invention as defined in the appended claims.

What I claim is:

l. In a compressor, the combination comprising means for compressing gaseous fluid and means for pumping liquid lubricant to said compressing means, a casing forming a chamber at least in part surrounding both said compressing and pumping means, a gaseous iiuid inlet to said chamber, said compressing and said pumping means being each provided with an intake in communication with said chamber respectively, at a point remote from the bottom thereof and at a point adjacent the bottom, means providing an overflow of lubricant from said compressing means to said chamber, the latter forming a gravity separator for liquid mingled with the gaseous .fluid entering said casing.

2. ln a compressor, the combination comprising a compressing cylinder and compressing piston working therein, a lubricant pump comprising a cylinder and piston, said compressing piston and -lubricant pump piston being unitarily related, a

casing forming a chamber at least in part surrounding both said compressing cylinder and the cylinder of the lubricant pump, a gaseous uid inlet to said chamber, said compressing cylinder and the cylinder of said lubricant pump being each provided with an intake in communication with said chamber respectively, at a point remote from the bottom thereof and at a point adjacent the bottom, a lubricant passage extending from said lubricant pump to the interior of the compressing piston, passages through the wall of said compressing piston for conducting oil from the interior thereof to the sliding face of said piston, means providing an overow of lubricant from. said compressing means to said chamber, the latter forming a gravity separator for liquid mingled with the gaseous fluid entering said casing.

3. In a compressor, the combination comprising a compressing cylinder and a compressing piston working therein, said compressing piston being hollow forming a chamber, a lubricant pump comprising a cylinder and piston, a common pistonl rod unitarily connecting said pistons, said piston rod being intermediately formed as a cross-head, a block in sliding engagement with said crosshead in a direction perpendicular to the direc-z tion of reciprocation of said piston rod, and a crank bearing in said block and adapted to be xed to the shaft of a motor, a casing forming a chamber at least in part surrounding both said compressing cylinder and the cylinder of the lubricant pump, a gaseous uid inlet to said chamber, said compressing cylinder and pump cylinder being each provided with an intake in communication with said chamber, respectively, at a point remote from the bottom thereof and at a point adjacent the bottom, a lubricant passage extending from said lubricant pump through saidV piston rod to said piston chamber, discharge passages from said piston chamber through the wall of said compressing piston vowning in the sliding face thereof, means providing an overilow of lubricant from said piston chamber to the chamber of said casing, the latter forminga gravity separator for liquid mingled with the gaseous fluid entering said last named chamber. 4. A compressor as claimed in claim 3, the walls of the chamber within said compressing piston being formed with circumferential lubricant retaining channels with which the inner ends of said discharge passages communicate.

lill@ lll-25 5. A compressor as claimed in claim 3, said lubricant passage including a relatively wide channel opening between the sliding faces of said block and cross-head.

6. In a compressor, the combination comprising a compressing cylinder and a compressing piston working therein, said piston being hollow, defining a chamber, discharge passages communicating with said chamber and with the sliding wall of said piston, a lubricant pump including a cylinder and piston, a piston rod unitarily connecting said compressing piston and the piston of said lubricant pump, said piston rod being formed intermediately as a cross-head having a transverse guideway of cylindrical contour having an open side, a block having a sliding surface corresponding to that of said cross-head and slidably mounted in said cross-head, a crank journalled in said block and entering fromthe open side of said cross head, said crank being adapted to be fixed to the shaft of a motor, a lubricant passage extending from said lubricant pump through said piston rod to the chamber of said compressing piston, said lubricant passage being expanded between the sliding surfaces of said block and crosshead, a casing forming a chamber at least in part surrounding said compressing and pump cylinders, each of said cylinders beingprovided with an intake in communication with said chamber respectively at a point remote from the bottom thereof and at a point adjacent the bottom, and means providing an overflow of lubricant from said compressing piston to said chamber.

7. In a compressor, the combination comprislng a compressing cylinder and compressing pisu *ton Working therein, a lubricant pump compris= ing a cylinder and piston, said compressing piston and lubricant pump being unitarily related, a casing forming a chamber at least in part surrounding both said compressing cylinder and the cylinder of the lubricant pump, said casing constituting a frame, matching supporting elements secured within said frame and arranged in clamping relation to said compressing cylinder and pump cylinder, a gaseous fluid inlet to said chamber, said compressing cylinder and the cylinder of said lubricant pump being each provided with an intake in communication with said chamber respectively, at a vpoint remote from the bottom thereof and at a point adjacent the bottom, means for feeding lubricant from said lubricant pump to said compressing piston, means providing an overqw of lubricant from said compressing piston tosaid chamber, the latter forming a gravity separator for liquid mingled with the gaseous uid entering said casing.

8. In a compressor the combination of a compressing cylinder and a lubricant pump cylinder oppositely arranged, and a casing at least in part surrounding both said compressing and lubricant pump cylinders forming a chamber, and affording support for said cylinders, a unitary piston assembly for both of said cylinders comprising a piston rod, formed at an intermediate part as aL cross-head, and pistons for both ends of said piston rod Working in said respective cylinders,

the compressing piston being provided with an T interior chamber communicating by lateral openings with the sliding surfaces of said piston and the cylinder within which it works, and with an overow passage opening at a point extraneous to said piston, a lubricant passage extending from 1 the lubricant pump piston to the chamber of the compressing piston, said cross-head having a cylindrical guideway opening on one side, a block having a shape corresponding to that of said guideway and sliding therein, a crank journalled in said block, and a motor shaft extending through a wall of said casing to which said crank is xed.

9. A compressor as claimed in claim 8, the said lubricant passage being expanded in. the coacting surfaces of said block and cross-head.

.CHARLES F. HAUNZ. 

